Wednesday, April 27, 2016

Mizulina proposed to be considered an aggravating circumstance the use of web – RBC

Using the Internet should be an aggravating circumstance in the Russian Criminal Code, said the Federation Council member Elena Mizulina at the VII International Forum Safer Internet.

«It is time to raise the question of referring the use of Internet technologies in offenses among aggravating circumstances, including article 63 of the Criminal Code, so that whenever using the Internet to commit crimes, facilitated the commission of crimes, organized crime, it was taken into account in sentencing. And the corresponding bill in the Federation Council, we will prepare in the near future “, – quotes Mizulina« RIA Novosti »

The senator stressed that the Internet is used to distribute child pornography, incitement to extremism, incitement to suicide, the organization of the terrorist. activity and so on. “However, the vast majority of crimes committed this factor [Internet usage] is not considered”, – said Mizulina

Mizulina acted author of many laws of resonance.. Among them – the initiative “of the black lists on the Internet,” on the prohibition of propaganda of homosexuality among children, the exclusion of abortion from OMS systems. Mizulina even when he was a State Duma deputy was also one of the most active speakers on the “law of Dima Yakovlev” – to ban the adoption of Russian children by Americans.

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On the 30th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant German stopped due to a virus attack – CNews.ru


The attack on the nuclear power plant fuel system

Work nuclear power plant in the village of Gundremmingen (Gundremmingen) in Bavaria was halted after the discovery of its IT systems, computer virus.

The aim of a virus attack was an IT network, to operate the machine to unload fuel rods (FE) in the sector B of the reactor power. In addition, the station 18 USB-infected carriers is detected. The company RWE – nuclear power plant operator in Gundremmingene, informed about the incident state security service

Although the NPP representative told the newspaper Die Zeit, that the virus does not pose a special threat, the station stopped on Sunday April 24, 2016, by Tuesday. April 26 – 30, the anniversary of the Chernobyl accident – still remained closed

Targeted attack on industrial sites

One of the trend in the field of cyber crime last year is. the development of so-called targeted attacks, where malicious software and attack strategy developed for a specific object in view of its technological processes and use of iT infrastructure.

NPP Gundremmingene

a classic example of such software is the Stuxnet virus, discovered in computers at Iran, which was designed to incapacitate centrifuges to enrich uranium.

«Typical “malware

in the case of the German nuclear power plants to talk about the target attacks on nuclear facilities prematurely, since the attack was used widespread malware – utility W32.Ramnit and Conficker. W32.Ramnit program exploits a vulnerability on Windows, to take remote control of infected computers.

A computer worm Conficker has been known since 2008 and, as a rule, used to steal banking usernames and passwords, and other confidential information, it is one of the most famous and widespread malicious programs – in 2009, there were about 9-15 million computers infected by Conficker.

Mikko Hypponen (Mikko Hypponen), director of research at F-Secure, said that ordinary viruses are often randomly are on the critical infrastructure components, but as a rule, are not dangerous, if the attack on the object is not focused. He cites the example of an unnamed European aircraft manufacturer, which is a weekly cleans onboard systems constructed aircraft from viruses, which leave behind a staff of factory, charging Android-smartphone.

NPP offline

The representative of the nuclear power station Tobias Schmidt (Tobias Schmidt) has assured that the incident will have serious consequences for the process: “systems that control the nuclear reaction, using analog equipment, and therefore isolated from possible cyber attacks. They are equipped with integrated protective functionality to protect key processes from external interference. »

The apparent contradiction in the statements of representatives of the nuclear power plant can be attributed to the fact that, speaking of the control system response, they mean lowering the drive into the reactor graphite rods reducing the rate of the nuclear reaction.

it is reported that the plant iT systems do not have an internet connection, so it is clear that malware got into the system via an external storage device, which has brought to the work of one of the employees.

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Media: the system of one of the nuclear power plants in Germany have discovered a computer virus – RIA Novosti

MOSCOW, April 27 – RIA Novosti of the German nuclear power plant system Gundremmingen located north-west of Munich, has been infected by computer virus, Reuters reported citing a statement of the company-operator station RWE <.. /> p>

The viruses did not affect the operation of the plant and did not bear a threat to its security, as NPP computers do not have access to the Internet, the agency said.

Malware was detected on the equipment, resulting in the movement of fuel bars, as well as on multiple computers and USB-drives. According to the agency, one of the viruses – W32.Ramnit – it allows hackers to gain remote access to the system if the infected computer is connected to the Internet. The virus was probably brought in the system in 2008.

The investigation of the incident involved the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). Office was not available for comment, the agency said.

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Tuesday, April 26, 2016

Trial run: how much cost the Russian private spaceport – RBC

«-2.1a Union “Removal of rocket to the launch facility Baikonur East, April 23, 2016 year

Photo: Press service of the Federal space agency “Roskosmos” / TASS

launch of the first was scheduled for Wednesday morning rocket from the Baikonur East. However, the grand launch failed: Automatic rebound gave missile launch two minutes before the start

On Wednesday, at 5:01 Moscow time the launch of the first rocket was planned from the Baikonur East (at 11:01 on. Blagoveshchensk). The cosmodrome attended by President Vladimir Putin. However, automation has given a retreat missile launch two minutes before the start, said, “Roskosmos”, noting that the backup start date of April 28 is maintained.

Why is not rocket Fly?

«For two and a half minutes to lift the contact occurred automatically hang up sequence diagrams. After the “boost” the team there was an automatic start-stop due to malfunction of the automated control system “, – said the head of” Roskosmos “Igor Komarov

He later said that the reason for canceling the start. localized, work is underway to fix the problem. “It was possible to clearly enough to locate the problem areas, which could all happen, and now works on working out and use a spare set and determine the exact reason,” – said Komarov
.
 “For it is not the work of a mobile tower or home system relations”, – said
According to First Deputy « Roscosmos » Andrey Ivanov . Ivanov also eliminate the human factor and the infrastructure of the cosmodrome of the possible causes cancellation of the launch. Representatives of the Russian Federal Space Agency claim that it is likely to eliminate the problem in the near future and make a start tomorrow – the reserve day.

A spokesman for the Russian president, Dmitry Peskov, said that earlier on Wednesday on East Vladimir Putin arrived spaceport. The Head of State “has decided to stay at the spaceport until such time as will be clarified the prospect of the launch of the next day,” said Peskov, adding that as long as it will hold meetings on the second and third stage of the launch site and the construction of the city Tsiolkovsky.

What is planned for launch into space?

Launcher «Soyuz-2.1a” had to withdraw three cosmic orbit apparatus – “Lomonosov”, “Aist-2D” and SamSat-218. All three satellites are Russian-made and can be started with scientific purposes, reported state-owned corporation. The device “Lomonosov” was assembled at JSC “Corporation” VNIIEM “on the MSU order to analyze the phenomena of light at the top of the atmosphere and basic research,” Aist-2D “and SamSat-218 – RCC experts” Progress “and Samara State Aerospace University. The purpose of the launch, “Stork-2A” – Earth remote sensing, SamSat-218 – development of small spacecraft control technology

The first rocket was supposed to fly from the East in December 2015, but the launch site did not have time. construct. Project documentation was delayed for two years, he told the first deputy head of RBC Spetsstroy Alexander Zagorulko, and when it was approved, the planned expenditure for the project turned out to be two times lower than the already incurred Spetsstroy. “At first we assumed to build another complex for the rocket -” Rus-M “. But then, from the creation of this missile refused. “We thought that the new rocket we do not need: we can fly and is on the old” – said the former head of Roscosmos Vladimir Popovkin. “Neither of which start with the missile [Baikonur] East in 2015, of course, can not be and speeches. The development of the new missile, until we got out of the paper in the iron, we stopped. ” As a result, the Russian Space Agency took over again to hold design that tightened deadlines recalls General Designer Igor Barmin cosmodrome, the project had to be changed on the fly.

construction of the first spaceport now completed, from which can be run “Soyuz-2″ launch vehicles of the middle class. In order to meet the construction schedule, Roscosmos has cut the number of objects of the first stage of the cosmodrome from 20 to 11. Construction work scheduled to finish until November 30, 2015, but in October, Putin allowed to move first run on April 2016.

how much cost the construction of spaceport?

On the creation of the “Soyuz-2″ space rocket complex spent 94.4 billion rubles to provide the infrastructure -.. 60.8 billion rubles on the work on “Angara” -. 6.1 billion rubles, counting RBC

After the premiere launch planned pause in ezhkspluatatsii spaceport.. Executive Director of the Russian Federal Space Agency Andrei Mazurin said that more launches in 2016-2017, most likely, will not, and starting in 2018, and over the next few years there will be a little bit. Building East should take place in three stages. As a result, an area should be around 700 square meters. km, that is, ten times less Baikonur. Total will be built more than 450 facilities, about 100 km of roads and as much iron, Roscosmos reported.

The second phase of construction of the cosmodrome is scheduled for 2016-2023 years. The representative of the Russian Federal Space Agency said that the preparation of the tender will not begin until September, at the same time will be determined by all the parameters of construction. At the end of the second stage (2016-2020) will be built starting and technical systems for rockets “Angara” and infrastructure for manned flights. The third stage is planned by 2030 – then from the Baikonur can be run boosters super-heavy class, including lunar missions

The Spetsstroy warn that. the main cost is yet to come. “The second phase will be much harder than the first, because of both missiles, and increasingly complex,” – said RBC’s Deputy Spetsstroy Alexander Mordovets. Construction of the second phase of the spaceport, according to Rogozin , will require about 250 billion rubles.

the Final estimate does not exist. There is only a plan registered in the Federal Space Program for 2016-2025 years. In her state is going to allocate 1.4 trillion rubles, and after 2022 -. Another 115 bln. (The program includes, in particular, the development of space centers) Officials in their estimates of the final cost of the expenditure:. In a December 2011 Director Spetsstroy Gregory Naginsky called the figure of 300 billion rubles., in December of the same space agency has submitted to the government estimates have 493 billion rubles. Head of Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Space Agency Yuri Koptev in 2015 said they need 560 billion up to 2025.

Is East by replacing Baikonur Will?

East – is the first Russian civilian spaceport. Now the majority of Russian civilian launches from Baikonur happens, Russia leased until 2050. Every year, Russia pays for rent $ 115 million, RBC messages yl representative of Roskosmos. Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region is used primarily for military purposes.

In the East there are advantages over Baikonur, he said in 2007, led at that time by Roskosmos, Anatoly Perminov. Among the advantages he called a great location: the first stage of the rocket would fall near the launch site in the taiga, the second – in the waters of the ocean. In 2010 in Perminov has promised that by 2020 at the East can be converted to 40-45% of the required start-ups, including needs meteorological observations , communications, television, navigation. “The share of problems to be solved with the use of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, will decrease from 65 to 11%”, – said Perminov

After the completion of the East Russia has no plans to abandon the use. Baikonur in Kazakhstan, at least until 2030. President of the Moscow space club Sergei Zhukov believes that the decision to stay at Baikonur strategically: many countries, like the US and China, several of spaceports for risk diversification

How much money is “buried” in the construction of the East. ?

The construction of the East was accompanied by scandals, resignations and criminal cases. The Roskosmos head changed hands twice. As a result, the agency headed by the former president of AvtoVAZ, Igor Komarov. In summer 2013 Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev has dismissed the head of Gregory Spetsstroy Naginsky – general construction contractor. In “Dalspetsstroy” – subordinated Spetsstroy unitary enterprise, which is actually engaged in construction – was replaced in 2013, five leaders

In particular, in November 2015 Investigative Committee of Russia (TFR) reported the completion of the criminal investigation against. the former head of “Dalspetsstroya” Yuri Hrizmana and chief accountant of the enterprise Vladimir Ashikhmina. According to investigators, in 2011-2013 and Hrizman Ashihmin illegally spent 5.16 billion from 22.6 billion rubles. advance by 11 state contracts. The money went to payments on loans “Dalspetsstroya”, which, according to the TFR, has caused material damage to the state. Hrizman Ashihmin and arrested their business Far Eastern Military District Court is considering in camera.

No less loud was the story of the delayed payment of salaries to the builders of the cosmodrome. In December 2014 Rostrud first reported that one of the subcontractors – Pacific bridge-building company (TMK) – was payable to employees in 1100 almost 61 million rubles, but the debts have already extinguished.. In the four months before the company left Victor Grebnev – CEO and owner. Grebnev went to work in the administration of Primorye Territory, and in comments to “Kommersant” claim to sell 75% stake in TMK “Moscow structures.” The Arbitration Court of Primorsky Territory introduced at TMK surveillance procedure, and six months later the company declared bankruptcy.

TFR started at Grebneva criminal investigation, suspecting him of damaging the company for 400 million rubles. The company issued a press release in which it announced that Grebnev spending allocated for the construction money on yachts, the purchase of apartments and the construction of a three-storey mansion. However, Raman felt that the delay in the payment of wages must be held responsible new head, and opened a criminal case in which he was arrested Igor Nesterenko, who led after the TMK Grebneva. Litigation cases against Grebneva and Nesterenko continued. Grebnev resigned from the Maritime Administration. According to the labor collective debt as at 21 April 2016 amounted to RUB 129 million. Debt Fact confirmed prosecutors Primorye

In addition to the criminal cases filed by the set of claims in arbitration:. Spetsstroy and “Dalspetsstroy” trying to collect from unscrupulous contractors through the courts for more than 4 billion rubles. However, according to SPARC-based, the amount of claims to “Dalspetsstroy” much more: only two and a half months in 2016 the amount of claims has exceeded 6.8 billion rubles. In 2015, contractors have filed claims against the general contractor for the amount of 9.9 billion.

Can the government to recoup the costs for the construction of the East?

Russia plans and commercial launches from the East. The first is scheduled for 2018, said on April 12 the head of the state corporation Igor Komarov. According to “Kommersant Money”, it is, in particular, the largest contract in the history of launch services, concluded between the British company OneWeb and French Arianespace and involves launching satellites eponymous communication system using the 21 carrier rocket «Soyuz».

According to Komarov, Russian businessmen are also interested in space tourism company, and Roskosmos ready to technically support these initiatives, but the state-owned corporation “is not aimed” at self-development of the market.

According to the Director of Research and analytical center of the Joint rocket and space Corporation Dmitry Paison, the share of commercial orders for the provision of space services in Russia and the United States is almost the same – about $ 11.3 billion, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of cosmonautics, son of John Andrew sure that the authorities have no task to recoup the costs of the East, and. not name the figure at which the launch site could earn. When developing a project, the three objectives, the expert says: the development of the Far Eastern region, attracting investments and young professionals, and the development of international cooperation in the space industry. According to Jonah, launch private rockets from the East – a distant prospect. “Private rocket must be built first, it is necessary to look, whether there is a launch pad for its infrastructure. If a private rocket will appear in Russia, the spaceport can make money on it: about 10% of the start-up cost – this will be the income of the cosmodrome “, – he said.

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The construction of the cosmodrome “East” – RIA Novosti

The cosmodrome “East” – a Russian spaceport under construction in the Far East, in the Amur region in the city of Tsiolkovsky area (formerly Uglegorsk village) near the disbanded cosmodrome “free” in accordance with the decree of the Russian President Vladimir Putin on November 6, 2007 RF government decree of 14 January 2009.

“Oriental” is designed to provide training and launch of space research aids, socio-economic and commercial, transport, cargo ships and orbital station modules (platforms), the implementation of programs of manned space flight and promising space for the study programs and exploration of celestial bodies, as well as international cooperation in this field.

Creating it was dictated by the need to expand opportunities for Russia launches spacecraft for various purposes. When choosing the location of the cosmodrome into account many factors, including its relative proximity to the equator and the coast. The Amur Region is the best place to display the satellites in sun-synchronous orbits, where the conduct of observation, they have a constant level and the angle of the Earth’s surface illuminated by the sun, which is very convenient for geodesy and cartography, as well as for many other economic and military purposes.

Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 1, 2009 the sole executor of contract works on creating the cosmodrome “East” has been defined by the Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy Russia). In March of 2016 with Spetsstroy was taken as the only performer of the works.

The total area of ​​the reserved area for the construction of the spaceport is about 1035 square kilometers. “East”, equipped with the latest technology, will occupy an area of ​​about 700 square kilometers (the Baikonur space center area of ​​6717 square kilometers, and the Plesetsk launch site – 1762 square kilometers)

Enter the objects of the cosmodrome “East” in the operation has been. It is divided into three stages. In the first phase (2012-2015) planned to create space rocket complex “Soyuz-2″, objects of social, engineering and transport infrastructure, including the housing of the city (12 thousand people). The second phase (2016-2020) provides for the establishment of ground infrastructure of space rocket complex heavy class of “Angara” to launch spacecraft into orbit and high-manned vessels of the new generation, as well as the expansion of the residential complex (20 thousand people) and the establishment of the airport complex. In the third phase (2021-2030 years and below) is planned to create ground infrastructure to launch the second stage of the launch vehicle of super-heavy class, including lunar missions, as well as the expansion of the residential complex (30 thousand people).

The first launch of the carrier rocket from the Baikonur has been scheduled for 2015, the first launch of a manned spacecraft – for 2018. According to the plan the construction work had to be completed before 30 November 2015. full-scale construction of infrastructure and technological facilities of the cosmodrome –

In September 2011, the preparatory construction work, and in mid-2012 were launched. Given the scale of the project, at the beginning of the construction of the “Eastern” proceeded in parallel with the release of the design documentation on it.

At the launch site were laid such design decisions that will allow the buildings and structures, facilities engineering infrastructure, roads and railways serve a long time, given the high load operation and in difficult climatic conditions.

Construction of the project was accompanied by a mass of scandals, criminal cases, removal from office of heads.

Workers cosmodrome repeatedly complained about the non-payment of wages and hunger strikes. Photos from the construction site showed extremely slow progress of construction, despite regular reports Spetsstroy the completion of certain works.

In 2013, the Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, who oversees the Russian government space industry, said that the federal government did not receive full information about delays, and the perpetrators brought to justice. At the beginning of September 2014 visited the construction site Russian President Vladimir Putin said that behind schedule – from one month to two. Coordination of work on the construction of the cosmodrome “East” was transferred from the Russian Space Agency directly to the government. Commission headed by Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin.

In April 2015 the head of the Russian Space Agency said the lag in the construction of the launch complex of the carrier rocket “Soyuz-2″ at the cosmodrome “East” is 120 days.

The construction was completed in May the first stage of the transport infrastructure of the cosmodrome “East”. Builders paved 100 kilometers of railway tracks from the Trans-Siberian Railway to the “East”, was completed the reconstruction of the station “icy” Trans-Baikal Railway, built a new station Uglegorsk with piggyback station.

June 17 a set of measuring instruments, data acquisition and processing (KSISO) spaceport “East”, which includes a command-and-measurement and mobile measurement points, first received telemetry from the Russian segment of the International Space Station, and on July 3 – telemetry with running a space truck Baikonur “Progress M-28M”. In October, President Vladimir Putin familiarized himself with the work, stated the backlog of the period and allowed to move the first launch from the spaceport since December 2015 2016.

At the end of December, the staff of the cosmodrome “East” received the first order on service housing under construction in the town around it. December 30, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law on assignment in the city area of ​​the cosmodrome “East” in the Amur region Tsiolkovsky names. Proposal to grant under construction in the area of ​​the spaceport of the village on the site of the village of Uglegorsk city status and to assign him a new name was initiated by the Russian government.

In the middle of January 2016 were completed the main construction work on the launch site, providing the first launch sites. They focused on two areas -. Technical and launch complexes

The technical complex is designed to prepare before the start – including fueling. It includes a structure 121. The complex covers an area of ​​170 thousand square meters.

The technical complex consists of two assembly and test systems (one for launch vehicles, one for the spacecraft and upper stages), warehouse launcher blocks and connecting them transborder galleries (for the transport of components of Space Technology) as well as the filling-neutralization plant.

The launch complex, covering an area of ​​45 thousand square meters, is located at a distance of 4.4 kilometers from the technical complex. Between them, laid a special track on which the booster is delivered. “Launching pad” is recessed into the ground a building height of 30 meters, which is equipped with special equipment, providing training and launch of the carrier rocket.

To work on preparation for launch at the launch complex is designed mobile service tower (IBO), which provides access to the personnel, supply of equipment and accessories for all systems of the launcher when it is in a vertical position on the launch cosmodrome system .

A kind of “brain” of the launch complex is command center for processing all the information collected about the status and readiness of the launch vehicle and spacecraft systems. Unlike many other space centers, command post on the “East” is not recessed into the ground, but is a two-storey bunker, located in the immediate vicinity of the launch facility.

March 25, 2016 at the cosmodrome “East” ran out comprehensive tests of the launch complex with the carrier rocket “Soyuz-2.1a”.

At the beginning of April 2016 the Federal Space Agency said that the first ever launch from Vostochny cosmodrome is scheduled for April 27th. The first of the Amur Region will launch the rocket-carrier “Soyuz-2.1a”, which will orbit spacecraft “Aist-2D”, the MSU scientific satellite “Lomonosov”, as well as nano-satellite SamSat-218.

Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said that after the first run for a year at the launch site will be carried out various tests. A full East will work in 2023, when the second stage of the launch site will be completed.

Construction of the second cosmodrome Vostochny queue, including the launch pad for the environmentally friendly carrier rockets “Angara” will begin in 2017.

The definition of a general contractor in all the works of the second phase of construction will be carried out exclusively on the basis of competition.

will be released on 8-10 starts per year in the term “Oriental”. According to adjust the plan, the first manned launch of the rocket with the crew of the International Space Station should be held after 2023.

The material is based on information RIA Novosti and open source

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Scientists have told us how the shape of the female pelvis during the life – BBC

No matter how much scientists have struggled on the study of nature, constantly improving their methods, it still remains the biggest mystery. Researchers still do not cease to be amazed at how everything has been thought and organized in the living world

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Anthropologists and biologists from Switzerland and Belgium in the course of joint research found evidence that the shape and size of the pelvis in women can change, adapting to the appearance of progeny. Progress in research and analysis of the data published in the latest edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

the human pelvis structure classified to sexual dimorphism, ie, differs in males and females of each other . As a rule, hips in women is wider and more rounded shape than men.

By studying the structure of the female skeleton, the scientists hypothesized so-called obstetrical dilemma. On the one hand, the female pelvis to be relatively wide to facilitate the emergence of babies born, which when properly positioned in utero are headfirst. On the other hand, a narrow pelvis facilitates human bipedalism. Recently, this hypothesis challenged on the basis of biomechanical and biocultural indicators, as well as metabolic processes. However, until the recent studies of Swiss and Belgian researchers was unclear what factors are responsible for the differences in the shape and size of the pelvis in adult men and women

<-.! place 7912583, /> science / 2015/11 / 25_a_7912583.shtml, nm2015 / v2 / article / incut, incut2_link ->

Getting to the scientific work, the researchers have put forward the following hypothesis: during the life of the structure of the pelvis in women specifically is changing, facilitating the birth of children. To test their own hypothesis, the team was invited to participate in the study of 275 women of all ages up to 95 years. The authors used the methods of computed tomography, as well as engaged in geometric morphometry, ie we analyzed the ratio of the size and shape of the pelvis parts. The findings were compared with the existing information on the basin structure in men.

The results showed that before puberty the pelvis structure in boys and girls almost makes distinctions, and all changes occur equally.

Since the beginning of active sexual development that occurs in some girls at the age of 10 years, a change in the shape and size of the female pelvis happens on its own unique laws.

The processes that prepare the female body for the birth of children, completed about 25 years. Scientists note that the period when the differences in the structure of the pelvis in women and men, the most noticeable coincides with the peak of fertility. According to the researchers, the women comes an age average of 25 to 30 years. Biologists have noticed a curious feature: at the age of 40 to 45 years, the structure of the female pelvis continues to evolve, however, change again proceed by analogy with the male. Conversion leads to a reduction in the birth canal dimensions (birth canal – a channel formed by the bones of the pelvic and placed in it the soft tissue through which the fetus and the placenta during childbirth).

The Swiss and Belgian researchers suggest that all changes in the shape and size of the female pelvis, depending on age, may be linked to hormone production during puberty and early menopause. According to biologists, the most actively involved estradiol, which is part of a group of female sex hormones – estrogens. That depends on it, as will be rounded contours of the female figure. Often estradiol called “pregnancy hormone” because it regulates blood flow in the pelvic cavity, runs an increase in uterine size, and is also responsible for the formation of the placenta.

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Scientists have told us how the shape of the female pelvis during the life – BBC

No matter how much scientists have struggled on the study of nature, constantly improving their methods, it still remains the biggest mystery. Researchers still do not cease to be amazed at how everything has been thought and organized in the living world

<-.! place 8195633, /> science ™ / 2016/04 / 25_a_8195633.shtml, nm2015 / v2 / article / incut, incut1_link - ->

Anthropologists and biologists from Switzerland and Belgium in the course of joint research found evidence that the shape and size of the pelvis in women can change, adapting to the appearance of progeny. Progress in research and analysis of the data published in the latest edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

the human pelvis structure classified to sexual dimorphism, ie, differs in males and females of each other . As a rule, hips in women is wider and more rounded shape than men.

By studying the structure of the female skeleton, the scientists hypothesized so-called obstetrical dilemma. On the one hand, the female pelvis to be relatively wide to facilitate the emergence of babies born, which when properly positioned in utero are headfirst. On the other hand, a narrow pelvis facilitates human bipedalism. Recently, this hypothesis challenged on the basis of biomechanical and biocultural indicators, as well as metabolic processes. However, until the recent studies of Swiss and Belgian researchers was unclear what factors are responsible for the differences in the shape and size of the pelvis in adult men and women

<-.! place 7912583, /> science / 2015/11 / 25_a_7912583.shtml, nm2015 / v2 / article / incut, incut2_link ->

Getting to the scientific work, the researchers have put forward the following hypothesis: during the life of the structure of the pelvis in women specifically is changing, facilitating the birth of children. To test their own hypothesis, the team was invited to participate in the study of 275 women of all ages up to 95 years. The authors used the methods of computed tomography, as well as engaged in geometric morphometry, ie we analyzed the ratio of the size and shape of the pelvis parts. The findings were compared with the existing information on the basin structure in men.

The results showed that before puberty the pelvis structure in boys and girls almost makes distinctions, and all changes occur equally.

Since the beginning of active sexual development that occurs in some girls at the age of 10 years, a change in the shape and size of the female pelvis happens on its own unique laws.

The processes that prepare the female body for the birth of children, completed about 25 years. Scientists note that the period when the differences in the structure of the pelvis in women and men, the most noticeable coincides with the peak of fertility. According to the researchers, the women comes an age average of 25 to 30 years. Biologists have noticed a curious feature: at the age of 40 to 45 years, the structure of the female pelvis continues to evolve, however, change again proceed by analogy with the male. Conversion leads to a reduction in the birth canal dimensions (birth canal – a channel formed by the bones of the pelvic and placed in it the soft tissue through which the fetus and the placenta during childbirth).

The Swiss and Belgian researchers suggest that all changes in the shape and size of the female pelvis, depending on age, may be linked to hormone production during puberty and early menopause. According to biologists, the most actively involved estradiol, which is part of a group of female sex hormones – estrogens. That depends on it, as will be rounded contours of the female figure. Often estradiol called “pregnancy hormone” because it regulates blood flow in the pelvic cavity, runs an increase in uterine size, and is also responsible for the formation of the placenta.

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British scientists have discovered the secret of the lost socks – REGNUM

London, 26 April 2016, 10:49 – REGNUM British scientists have unraveled the mystery disappears the second sock and made the formula of probability of his disappearance, reports The Daily Mail.

The research team composed of psychologists and statistics, commissioned by Samsung found out where the lost second sock. In a study of 2 thousand. People were interviewed. They find out the details of their domestic habits and details of clothes washing.

As a result of this work, scientists found that most of the disappearance of the second toe due to the composition of the laundry loaded into the washing machine. Researchers formula for the probability of loss of the second toe was composed. It looks like:. (L (pxf) + C (txs)) – (P x A)

«L» represents the amount of laundry, which is calculated by multiplying the number of family members ( «p») on the frequency of linen washes ( «f»). “C” is the complexity of the washing down of the amount of laundry types ( «t»), which is processed per week, multiplied by the number of erasure for the same week of socks ( «s»).

The designation «P» hidden love for washing, multiplied by checking erasable clothes “A”. “P” is measured on a scale where one score corresponds to the statement “I can not stand to wash clothes».

According to the calculations by researchers formula, the probability of losing the second toe is greater, the greater the volume and the frequency of washes.

in addition, the study disproved the hypothesis astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, have suggested that the socks are tightened into black holes. According to scientists, the socks more often fail for radiators or combined not with his pair.

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Monday, April 25, 2016

Bacteria are able to turn water into ice – REGNUM

Berlin, April 25, 2016, 19:26 – REGNUM German scientists from the Max Planck Institute have studied the molecular mechanism by which the Pseudomonas bacterium syringae turns surrounding its water into ice, reports Science Advances magazine.

Some microorganisms have in their membrane proteins that trigger the formation of ice crystals . Thus bacterium protects itself from damage that is able to pay her the ice formed at close range.

The most famous of these micro-organisms Pseudomonas syringae, which is often used for creating artificial snow and ice. Scientists are interested in this bacterium as a factor in regulating the water cycle and even climate. To study the details of formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and proteins of bacteria spectroscopy was applied. Protein inaZ, whereby the bacterium surrounding water freezes, creating a sort of template for structuring water molecules, and its hydrophilic and hydrophobic components increase the freezing temperature of water is lowered. In addition, the protein components showed ability to remove heat from the environment.

The study authors noted that before the disclosure of the exact molecular mechanisms of the formation of ice crystals is still far. In addition, their data may be valid only for the bacteria similar to Pseudomonas syringae, and other microorganisms may well use other water freezing methods.

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The launch of the carrier rocket “Soyuz” from Kourou postponed to April 25 – RIA Novosti

25.04.2016

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MOSCOW, April 25 – RIA Novosti The launch of the carrier rocket “Soyuz-ST-a” from the cosmodrome. Kourou, French Guiana, scheduled for Thursday and canceled due to technical difficulties, has been postponed to the morning of April 25 should be from a publication posted on the website of the European aerospace concern Airanespace.

on board the rocket is Sentinel-1B satellite European draft global monitoring of environment and security “Copernicus” (Copernicus). “Doubles” satellite – Sentinel-1A – was launched in April 2014

“Now there is a replacement of the inertial system block rocket” Soyuz “, which previously occurred. failure … Start “Soyuz” is scheduled for Monday, April 25, 6:02:13 (local time in French Guiana, 26 April 00.02 MSK) “, – stated in the

.

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Amateur dinosaur Stepan Savelyev will help children with cerebral palsy – News Agency “Khakassia-Inform”

The boy who loves dinosaurs, loved around the world. Thus, the 11-year-old Stepan Savelyev using moms and great power Fortress became popular. He put the Huskies stars of show business, are invited to a talk show, but about the interview and you can not talk at all. Not without its commercial offers. But the boy’s parents decided that they would use the son’s popularity to help children with cerebral palsy.

Stepan Savelyev no longer shy about his hobby. Earlier classmates teased the boy because of his love for dinosaurs, dinosaurs now become almost a trend.

to change the situation, Stepan mother Svetlana Stroganov. She urged users of social networks support huskies her son. Perhaps the woman did not even think what will appeal to her friends in facebook. At the request of a loving and thousands of people responded to a caring mother, including well-known personalities – rapper Busta, NASA astronaut Dan Burbank. Users “VKontakte” even launched to support the boy’s hashtag #LikeStepan

The schoolboy in a moment became a media personality -. Dinosaurs of amateur wrote many Russian publications, talk-show hosts were invited Stepan its program

But the sudden popularity and attracted the usual boy-hungry business money. In an interview with radio station “Moscow speaking” mother of Stepan said that they are now getting a lot of offers of cooperation – a video recording of the dinosaurs, the development of computer games, as well as souvenirs release

However, parents Stepan Savelyev decided to use his son’s popularity. to help children with cerebral palsy. In particular, they plan to help more children.

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Smartphones in Russia fell by a quarter – BBC News

Some of the largest Russian mobile electronics retailers, “The Messenger” and “Euroset” announced price cuts on smartphones by 24-25%. The reason for that -. The price war among retailers, who have been trying to attract buyers in a crisis economical

As told “Vedomosti” representative of “Euroset” for the last month of smart phones in the stores of the company fell by an average of 25%. Her colleague from the “liaison” announced 24 percent reduction. The representative of MTS, which owns Russia’s largest network of mobile phone shops, a specific figure lower prices refused to name, but confirmed that the operator started selling cheaper handset.

It should be noted that we are talking about reducing the average price tag. If we talk about the average price actually sold the machine, it is likely to fall much lower – prices reduced mainly to a less popular model, popular also, and so selling well

The fall in sales of smart phones, especially expensive ones. It is a worldwide trend. In Russia, the situation has worsened in the past year and a half due to the depreciation of the ruble against major world currencies. On top of that, continuing price war MTS against “liaison” and “Euroset” – the company took the Samsung allies, offering devices with the minimum possible margin to attract to their salons buyers and, if possible, to sell them to the operator SIM-card <. /> p>

Source: “Vedomosti”

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The aircraft Solar Impulse 2 Solar completed the flight to California – 3DNews

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NASA managed to restore the Space Telescope, “Kepler” – RIA Novosti

WASHINGTON, April 25 – RIA Novosti. NASA managed to completely restore the Space Telescope, “Kepler”, which was interrupted in early April, said space agency.

a planetary system with two suns Kepler- 16

© NASA / JPL-Caltech

” Work “Kepler “resumed he again searches for exoplanets – planets outside our solar system,” – said the program manager Charles Sobek.

He said, “cause of a problem, which became known on April 8, is being studied.” “The nature of the problems is fleeting signs of events that led to a large number of alarms that have overloaded the system, causing the” Kepler “went to work in an emergency mode,” – said Sobek. He believes that “now, it seems, the telescope computer systems have coped with the problem”.

Telescope “Kepler”, specifically designed to search for extrasolar planets, was launched in May 2009. The device continuously monitors the stars in a small region of the sky near the constellation Cygnus and searched the planet, fixing the weak fluctuations of the brightness of stars when planets pass on the disco lights. In May 2013, the telescope is out of order, but experts found a way to bring him back to active status and to continue his work in the mission K2.

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Siberian cave synthesize antibiotics – REGNUM

Irkutsk, April 25, 2016, 09:18 – REGNUM The Russian scientists from the Institute of Biology, Irkutsk state University found in caves more than a hundred previously unknown to science compounds able to fight bacteria that are resistant to currently existing drugs, according to PLoS One.

This is the Big Oreshnaya cave located 130 km from Krasnoyarsk. There is naturally formed whitish cheesy plaque containing a group of bacteria that synthesize antibiotics.

It is reported that of the 120 detected in its structure compounds 100 are previously unknown to science. The five caves that make up the underground complex, the scientists collected a unique collection of strains. In particular detected compounds that inhibit pathogens yeast and E. coli, resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

However, the researchers argue that early to talk about the production of medicines based on open their cave bacteria. Necessary research their discovery can take at least 10 years.

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Sunday, April 24, 2016

Aeronaut Picard on the Solar Impulse 2 aircraft landed in Silicon Valley – TASS

NEW YORK, 24 April. / Corr. TASS Aleksey Kachalin /. Swiss aeronaut Bertrand Piccard on the plane on solar batteries Solar Impulse 2 (Si2) landed safely Saturday in the town of Mountain View in California. On a flight from Hawaii to the heart of Silicon Valley it took almost three days.

aeronaut fulfilled his promise to hold Si2 over the famous bridge “Golden Gate” in San Francisco (CA). “I crossed the bridge over the space I am now officially in America.”, – Said the Swiss

His companion on the world tour Andre Borshberg got to California on a regular airplane.. He also took a helicopter to greet Picard in the air, flying at Si2. The meeting took place just over the San Francisco Bay.



Conversation with Ban Ki-moon

Last Friday, Picard spoke via video link from the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. Last aeronaut named the inspirer and creator of authentic history. Swiss returned the compliment, describing as a historic signing on Friday of 175 states, including Russia, the Paris climate agreement, designed to help humanity avoid irreversible effects of global warming. “The signing of the Paris Agreement in New York – it’s more than the protection of the environment, this is the beginning of the revolution in the field of” clean “technologies”, – aeronaut said

Together with Borshbergom plans to make a stop in California for three. days, and then go to New York, then – in Europe or North Africa, and finally – in Abu Dhabi, where the March 9, 2015 began the journey

Emergency stop in Japan

<. p> Leaving the road from Abu Dhabi, the plane did then stop in Oman, India, Myanmar and China. Due to bad weather conditions on June 1 he had an emergency landing in the Japanese city of Nagoya. Solar Impulse 2 There was almost a month in anticipation of favorable weather conditions. June 29th the plane flew from Japan to Hawaii, which arrived July 3. “The aircraft has suffered due to battery damage due to overheating, – the organizers of the flight -. This has led to an unexpected break.” To replace the batteries took a long time, and the continuation of travel has been postponed until 2016.

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