Society: Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics – Sight

Named the Nobel in 2014 in the category “Physics»

The winners of the Nobel Prize in physics were three scholars of Japanese origin: Isam Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano are Japanese university in Nagoya, and Shuji Nakamura – American in Santa Barbara. They are awarded for the creation of blue LEDs. In the preliminary lists of candidates for the award in the media none of these scientists were not.

Award – 2014

«These energy-saving devices have become an alternative to traditional light sources»

On Tuesday, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the winners of the Nobel Prize – in Physics 2014 . By decision of the members of the Nobel Committee awards the three scientists awarded for creating a new source of light – blue LED chips.

One of the winners – Shuji Nakamura admitted that he can not believe what happened, reports Tass. His feelings he shared with reporters immediately after the announcement, which did the Nobel committee.

«These energy-saving devices have become an alternative to conventional light sources,” – said the Nobel Committee.

the winner of scientists Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano represent Nagoya University in Japan, and Professor Shuji Nakamaru – University of California at Santa Barbara (USA).

«This year’s Nobel Prize winners will be rewarded for having invented a new energy efficient and environmentally clean source of light – Blue LED (LED). In the spirit of Alfred Nobel Prizes are awarded for inventions that brought the greatest benefit to mankind. Using blue LEDs, white light can shine in a new way. With the advent of LED lamps we now have a longer-term and more effective alternative to old sources of light “- told the Nobel Committee.

It is reported that three distinguished scientists in the early 1990s, learned to create a bright blue light rays from its semiconductor and cause «FUNDA-mental transformation of lighting technology.” Red and green LEDs were discovered long ago, but no blue light, modern LED lamps (white) could not be created.

«Despite considerable efforts, both in the scientific community and industry, blue element remained a problem for three decades. These scientists have succeeded where others have failed, “- added to the committee.

It is also reported that the Akasaka worked with Amano in Nagoya University, while Nakamura worked at Nichia Chemicals – a small company in Tokushima , then went to an American university.

«LED lamp has great potential to improve the quality of life for more than 1.5 billion people around the world. Due to low power consumption, it can be fed even by a cheap local solar energy. The invention of blue LED was only about twenty years ago, but it has contributed to the creation of white light in a completely new form for the benefit of all of us … Since about a quarter of the world’s electricity is used for lighting, LED lamps help to preserve the planet’s resources “- added the Nobel committee.

Finally, the present invention paved the way for fundamental changes in lighting technology – believe nagradzhavashie.

«Conventional light” lit up “the entire twentieth century, and the XXI century will be” cover “LEDs” – summed up there.

Forecasts

Note that the names of the winners traditionally always held in deep secrecy. They themselves know about rewarding only on the day of the official announcement, to give the corresponding call. And with the names of other candidates submitted for the award, generally available only in 50 years.

For this reason, the scientific sections of many newspapers and magazines before the announcement of each year make their own assumptions about future winners.

So authoritative Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter put this year on three physicists who discovered a new topological insulator. In 2005, working at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia (USA) researchers Charles Kane and Sucheng Jung theorized the existence of new matter, and in 2007, Laurens Molenkamp of the University of Wurzburg in Germany proved its existence. Topological insulators can be used, for example, in the creation of quantum computers.

According to the forecast media company Thomson Reuters, which makes conclusions about the potential winners based on the cited scientists in the scientific literature, the award would give a researcher working in the United States Peydonu Young University of California at Berkeley for his contribution to the creation of the first nanofiber nanolaser.

Among other possible winner of the award in the Thomson Reuters called Yoshinori Tokura of Japan, Ramesh Ramamurthy from the United States and James Scott from the UK, have created technology that allows significantly increase memory capacity of computers, as well as for the creation of multiferroic materials.

In addition, for many years in a row among the favorites for the prize in physics called Michel Mayor of the University of Geneva, who discovered the first exoplanet in history, reports Tass.

So, none of the real winners were not guessed.

The awards ceremony (and other major sections of the award) is traditionally held in Stockholm on December 10 – the day of death of the founder Nobel Prizes Swedish entrepreneur and inventor Alfred Nobel (1833-1896).

The last time

Recall Nobel Prize in Physics last year were 84- old British theoretical physicist Peter Higgs and 81-year-old Belgian scientist Francois Angler – for the theoretical prediction in 1964 of the famous Higgs boson.

Higgs back in the 1960s suggested that the universe pervades certain field, which gives particles a particular mass. Immediately after the Big Bang hypothetical particles are not scattered just because they something held. Quantum of this field is the Higgs boson.

The Nobel Prize in Physics – 2012 were scientists Serge Haroche and David Uaynlend. Prize they received for the study of the interaction of light with matter and “the creation of breakthrough technologies to manipulate quantum systems».

In 2011, the Nobel Prize in the category of “Physics” was awarded to Saul Perlmutter cosmologists, Brian Schmidt, Adam Riesz for proof that the universe is expanding with acceleration.

add that physics is the most successful for the Russian scientists the Nobel Prize nomination: ten times our compatriots became the laureates.

In particular, in 2000, Alferov was awarded for the development of concept of semiconductor heterostructures and their applications in electronics.

In 2003, Alexei Abrikosov and Vitaly Ginzburg in conjunction with the British Anthony Leggett were awarded for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors.

In 2010, the reward for the creation of the finest in the world of material – graphene – were awarded the students working in the UK Russian scientific school Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov.

add that Monday, October 6 Nobel Prize in the category “Medicine and Physiology” was awarded the British John O’Keefe and his wife May-Britt and Edvard Moser of Norway, which opened in animal cells, “components of a positional system in the brain”, or more simply – that enables a living organism to understand where he is going, what place occupies space and repeat the same way several times.