Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 – RIA Novosti

Isamu Akasaki

Isamu Akasaki Professor (Isamu Akasaki) was born in 1929 in Japan Thira.

In 1952 he graduated from the University of Kyoto. In 1964 he received his doctorate at the University of Nagoya.

After graduation he worked in Kobe Kogyo Corporation.

From 1959 he worked at the University of Nagoya. First, a researcher, since 1964 – Associate Professor, since 1981 – professor.

From 1964 he worked in the Matsushita Electric Industrial Co head of fundamental research.

In the late 1950s, Isamu Akasaki began to study the physics of semiconductors and semiconductor devices. In the 1960′s he became interested xx semiconductor light sources – LEDs and lasers.

In 1968, the International Conference on Semiconductor Physics in Moscow Akasaka made a report on the electrical properties of gallium arsenide at low temperatures in strong electric fields.

From the beginning of the 1970s, Isamu Akasaki realized the importance of the problem of creating semiconductor light sources in the blue and the blue region of the spectrum. One of semiconductor compounds on the basis of which it was possible to create emitters was gallium nitride, GaN.

In 1989, Isamu Akasaki with colleagues from Nagoya University have demonstrated the first GaN-based LED with a layer of p-type conductivity. A little later, in 1992, they published an article about the creation of the first GaN-based LEDs with a homogeneous pn-junction. The LED emits light in the ultraviolet and blue spectral range.

In 1992, Isamu Akasaki retired. Since 2004, Akasaka – Emeritus Professor of Nagoya University.

In 2004, Professor Isamu Akasaki was recognized as a cultural treasure of Japan.

In 2009, Isamu Akasaki was awarded the Kyoto Prize for his pioneering work on the creation pn- transitions in gallium nitride and for his contribution to the development of LED blue glow.

In 2014, Akasaka was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 2014.

Hiroshi Amano

The Japanese scientist Hiroshi Amano, born September 11, 1960 in Hamamatsu (Japan).

In 1983 he graduated from the Faculty of Engineering, in 1985 – Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Nagoya Japanese.

Doctor of Technical Sciences (1989).

In 1988-1992 he worked as a researcher at the University of Nagoya.

From 1992 to 1998 he was a lecturer at the University of Meiji (Japan).

In 1998-2002 – Associate Professor, with the years 2002-2010 – Professor at the University of Meiji.

Since 2010 – Professor at the University of Nagoya.

In 1982 Amano joined the group of Professor Isamu Akasaki and took up the study of group III nitride semiconductors, which are well known as materials used in blue LEDs. In 1989, Hiroshi Amano and colleagues from Nagoya University demonstrated the first GaN-based LED with a layer of p-type conductivity. In 1992, they published an article about the creation of the first GaN-based LEDs with a homogeneous pn-junction. The LED emits light in the ultraviolet and blue spectral range.

Amano – author and co-author of more than 390 technical papers and 17 books.

has several awards.

7 October 2014 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Isamu Akasaki and Shuji Nakamura for the creation of new energy efficient and environmentally friendly source of light – blue LEDs. These devices have made possible new sources of white.

Shuji Nakamura

Professor Shuji Nakamura (Shuji Nakamura) born May 22, 1954 in ikat (Ehime Prefecture, Japan).

In 1977 he graduated from the University of Tokushima with a degree in electronic engineering in 1979 received a master’s degree in the same field. In 1994 he received the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, University of Tokushima.

In 1979, Nakamura started working in a Japanese corporation Nichia Chemical Industries in Tokushima.

In 1990, while working at Nichia, Shuji Nakamura invented the blue LED. He explored the gallium nitride film is deposited from organometallic compounds. He was able to grow a multilayer heterostructures based on gallium nitride with additions of indium, which gave a bright blue.

Before 1990-x LED manufacturers were able to produce only red, yellow and green diodes. However, only the combination of blue, green and red is able to give a pure white, and, consequently, all the shades of light range.

The invention Nakamura was a revolution in the outdoor LED video screens. By 1993, the company Nichia first in the world able to start industrial production of blue LEDs.

In 1999, Nakamura has stopped working at Nichia and moved to the United States. He is a professor at College of Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara and the consultant company Cree Inc., the largest in the United States manufacturer of semiconductor devices, one of the leaders in the production of silicon carbide components for the power electronics and the main competitor for Nichia in the production of crystals for blue and green LEDs .

has American citizenship.

A member of the USA National Academy of Engineering.

Shuji Nakamura has published about 400 articles in prestigious scientific journals, he has about 450 patents invention.

Nakamura is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Benjamin Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute (2002, USA), the Millennium Technology Prize (2006, Finland), and others.

In 2014 Shuji Nakamura year won the Nobel Prize in physics for the creation of new energy efficient and environmentally friendly source of light – blue LEDs.

The material is based on information RIA Novosti and open source