yesterday announced the winners of the Nobel Prize in chemistry. The award was received by American scientists Eric Merner Bettsig and William, as well as a German chemist Stefan Kjell for development in fluorescence microscopy. Scientists have taught the world to follow through laser microscopes for the behavior of individual molecules highlighted that formed the basis of new techniques for the treatment of cancer, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s.
According to the official report of the Nobel Committee, Eric Bettsig William Merner and Stefan Kjell received the award for “the development of fluorescence microscopy with superresolution.” It is a method for producing large image of organic and inorganic compounds at the molecular level by using the phenomenon of fluorescence – the emission of substances. Thus, in the test substances are added fluorescent dyes that glow as a result of irradiation with light of a specific wavelength.
the committee said that with the help of fluorescent molecules laureates had a revolution in light microscopy: crossed the border increase of 0.2 micrometer. This border was defined in 1873 by scientist Ernst Abbe: I think that it can not exceed. Became the basis of the development of the winners of a new kind of microscopy to study the motion of molecules inside a living cell – Nanoscopy. With Nanoscopy, explain to the Nobel Committee, “you can see the connections between nerve cells in the brain, and scientists can track the proteins involved in the development of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s.” On the basis of fluorescence diagnostics were also developed new methods for surgical operations, such as removal of cancerous tumors.
52-year-old native of Romania and the German national director of the Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck, Stefan Kjell received the award for the development in 2000 of the so-called STED-microscopy. Mr. Kjell used laser microscope with two bundles of rays. As the Nobel Committee explained that the first beam stimulated emission of fluorescent molecules, and the second – “cut” area extremely small in size, the researchers are interested.
Nobel Prize for 8 million Swedish kronor (equivalent to $ 1.1 million, or € 880 thousand.) With him share the 54-year-old employee of Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the 61-Eric Bettsig year-old Stanford University professor William Merner. In 2006, these scientists have developed a method for single-molecule microscopy, based on the possibility “to enable or disable the emission of individual molecules.” American scientists have done a lot of images of the same surface – each of them shone a small number of molecules. But their superposition, as explained to the Committee, gave “an image with ultra-sharp resolution at the nanoscale.”
Nobel Prize for his work on microscopes are awarded for the fifth time. The first award in 1925 was the Austro-Hungarian scientist Richard Zsigmondy method for developing ultramicroscopy which allowed to study the Brownian motion of small particles; last – in 1986, the German Ernst Ruska, who invented the electron microscope.
Vice-President of Russian Society of Nanotechnology Denis Andreyuk compared the current winners of the opening with the creation of the first microscope in the world. Head of the laboratory of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Dmitry Jackass says that studies Americans and the Germans would “deeper and more accurately understand the architecture of the device and activity of living cells.”
Stefan Kjell said yesterday that “absolutely amazed” receiving an award, but expressed confidence that through research laureates “will be made great discoveries in medicine.” Eric Bettsig yesterday admitted that after half an hour of the Prize looked at my computer, “as if to nowhere”, but then said that it is necessary to celebrate the news in a pub for a beer. Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm traditionally December 10, the day of the death of the founder of the award of Alfred Nobel.
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