New Year celebrations from Russia to Russia – The main portal user Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod. On 9 December. The city IA N –
 
 

«Newspaper. Ru »conducted a study on how to celebrate the New Year in Russia, in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and Russia.

 

IN RUSSIA

 

In the Middle Ages in Russia New Year is celebrated on March 1 first. At that time, the country lived on another calendar, calendar which starts from the moment of creation of the world, on the proposal of the then inhabitants. Celebrating New Year with the beginning of spring overlaps with the pagan heritage that remained in Russia after the adoption of Christianity.

 

However, over time the role of the church in the state has increased, and its ministers wanted to do away with the remnants of paganism. Therefore, in 1492 it was decided to abandon Constantinople “ultramartovskogo” calendar in favor of the “Byzantine”, which by coincidence was invented in 988 – the Baptism of Russia in the year.

 

From this moment on New Year began to be celebrated on September 1st. During the New Year celebrations were particularly solemn events in the Kremlin, which was attended by the Metropolitan, the king and nobles.
 

IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

 

Over time, the ritual, wearing a purely religious significance, became more solemn: the king was applied to the icons and the Gospel, and then inquired about the health of the patriarch of the Lord’s anointed. The same answer him a long speech, which certainly ends with the words “… God gave alive».

 

Then all those present bowed to each other. And then removed at the Mass.

 

When Peter the Great fired “missiles” and “uchinyali” decoration of the branches

 

Peter, opened a window to Europe, could not resist such an important holiday, and since 1700 in the Russian calendar was conducted from Christmas. The new year was celebrated on 1 January.

 

During the festival, Peter the Great ordered the “commit some decorations from the tree, and branches of pine, spruce and juniper.” In addition, the monarch ordered “to commit a large Red Square fiery fun” and “release several missiles as anyone happen.” Thus, Peter I began to introduce in Russia the attributes of the New Year, which we use today.

 

Over time, most of the world switched to the Gregorian calendar, and the Russian New Year began 11 days ahead of Europe. Have a reason to celebrate as much as two times.

 

On the European style New Year is celebrated mainly representatives of noble estates, and peasants continued to celebrate it in September, a new date associated with them rather Yuletid e and Christmas.

 

During the celebration of the peasants prepared novogody dinner, ate roasted pig. Included in the meal and other products, the eating of which was to promote the welfare of the family in the new year.

 

fancy-dress balls under Catherine II

 

When Catherine II began to conduct large-scale fancy-dress balls . Celebrated New Year and the firing of guns, which was later overturned Paul I.

 

But the Christmas tree was able to gain a foothold in Russia only during the reign of Nicholas I. This happened thanks to the wife of Emperor – Prussian princess became Orthodox under the name Alexandra Feodorovna.

 

It was then in the homes of the nobility there are Christmas trees. They were decorated by the German model: crowned tree star of Bethlehem, and it hung apples, symbolizing the forbidden fruit. Subsequently began to appear, and toys that matched the Christmas theme.

 

holidays are becoming increasingly popular.

 

However, the situation changed in 1914, when the Synod called the tree “of the enemy, the German undertaking, alien to the Orthodox Russian people.” This happened in the wake caused by the First World War anti -German sentiment.

 

In the Soviet Union

 

After the First World War, New Year is celebrated on the new Gregorian calendar in the new country. These measures have helped to dilute the Christmas celebrations with church – of difference in the 13 days of the Advent accounted for the New Year, that did not like the church.

 

Despite the devastation of the first years of Soviet Russia, the New Year is widely celebrated, and the ban on Christmas trees, introduced in tsarist times, has been canceled.

 

The situation changed after the death of Lenin – Stalin at first simply forbidden tree as the phenomenon of anti-Soviet, and then left the country just two holidays – 7 November and May 1. Up until the mid 1930 s authorities even have a special check to identify those who have decided to put on the eve of the New Year tree.

 

In 1935, the evergreen beauties are back in the home of Soviet citizens. Two years later, there was a Christmas tree in the Moscow House of Unions. Authorities even released form, which explains how to properly decorate fir.

 

Santa Claus first appeared in 1910

 

Santa Claus first appeared on Christmas Day in 1910, but caught only during the Soviet era. Subsequently, he was given in the accompanying and granddaughter – Snow White. There was also a system of Christmas trees for children.

 

Since 1947, 1 January again became a holiday. In 1954, the first time the country’s main Christmas tree lit up – the Kremlin.

 

With the coming to power of Nikita Khrushchev in the country was fun to live in every sense. New Year’s celebrations have become really scale, which was due to memories of the heavy war years.

 

«Blue Light” and “Soviet champagne»

 

New Year gradually began to take traditional features and symbols – in 1962, was first shown Christmas “Blue Light”. In addition, the sale appeared on the eve of holidays tangerines, also became one of the symbols of Christmas.

 

«Soviet champagne” appeared in 1928, but the traditional New Year’s drink, it was just after the war.

 

A Leonid Brezhnev and became the father of a trend at all, speaking before the new year 1976 with the treatment. On a regular basis it started doing already Mikhail Gorbachev. Even during the adjustment there was a tradition every year to connect with the single sign of the Eastern calendar.

 

A New Year marred except that anti-alcohol campaign of the same Gorbachev.

 

By 1989, the country lived in conditions of scarcity, so the New Year has been one of the few holidays that residents of the then Soviet Union continued to actively celebrate.

 

In a difficult time surrounding the collapse of the USSR and the formation of the new Russia, New Year was celebrated different . One remained unchanged – people tried to New Year’s table was the most diverse and rich in comparison with the ordinary.

 

On the eve of 1992 and 1993 appeals of top officials was not. A December 31, 1991 with the New Year congratulates Russian satirist Mikhail Zadornov.

 

IN RUSSIA

 

In general 1990 brought many surprises. But perhaps the biggest surprise brought the last day of 1999. The fact that he is tired and goes, said the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin. At midnight, showed his appeal to the Russians. And after this aired appeal Acting Russian President Vladimir Putin.

 

In addition, since the Soviet era and has remained a tradition of celebrating the Old New Year, which falls on Jan. 13. The main innovation was the long New Year holidays, which the government has failed, but is trying to fight.

 

In celebration of the New Year in Russia are increasingly manifest European elements. Traditional Soviet rituals, including watching TV and salads, are replaced by a European-style fairs, public festivals and the participation of people in the various activities that claim to cultural. In addition, the streets appeared the traditional mulled wine, which can make a festive and warm even the coldest winter day.