With the help of 3D-printing – manufacturing technology of physical objects on the digital model – can produce weapons, build buildings, produce parts for unmanned aircraft. And there bioprinter – experimental setup in which the print 3D-structure of the human body is made droplets containing living cells
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Now a group of American researchers led by a specialist in the field of regenerative medicine Anthony Atala presented bioprinter on which were printed the ear, bone and muscle. These bodies experts successfully implanted in rodents. With the results of available in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Biotechnology.
Today, 3D-Printing regularly helps physicians save lives. In 2013, for example, in the clinic of the University of Michigan have successfully implanted a 20-month-old child printed on individual design framework for bronchus. Soon doctors replaced a resident of the Netherlands damaged disease skull on a plastic implant, printed on of 3D-printers
However, scientists still have not been able to create a three-dimensional donor organs -. Under laboratory conditions it was impossible to reproduce the cell-mediated immunity, control receptors and many other features of living systems. But Anthony Atala, named Esquire magazine one of the most influential people in the XXI century, says that soon this problem will be solved
The study by American scientists published in the bioprinter ears, muscles and bone and implanted them rodents -. Mice , rabbits and rats. The results were promising: for example, two weeks after the operation printed on bioprinter muscle resulted in the formation of nerves in rats. A bone implants that have been printed with the use of human stem cells and implanted into the body of rodents,
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have caused in the past blood vessel formation system, which was revealed at the end of five months
Experts, however, point out that the study of the immune problem. the response of the host to the new authorities was not part of their priorities – the issue has yet to be studied in more detail
the researchers report that for the first time cells printed bodies must be held by a hydrogel.. Hydrogel composed of gelatin, fibrinogen (colorless protein, dissolved in plasma), hyaluronic acid (a part of the connective, epithelial and neural tissues) and glycerin mixed with glucose. “Such a hydrogel will promote cell survival and cell growth, – experts explain. – The concentration of its components will depend on the future body size “
When the cells establish their own relationship, the hydrogel collapses brief exposure to ultraviolet light
As the” ink “in bioprinter, print muscles.. , cartilage and bones, US researchers suggest the use of synthetic polymers – artificial materials obtained by simple synthesis of low molecular weight substances. According to the study authors, synthetic polymers will provide “the structural and architectural integrity of the new body»
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«Every 30 seconds a person dies in the world, which could save transplantation, – says Anthony Atala. – In general, there are four types of organs: flat, like skin, tubular, as blood vessels, hollow, as the bladder, and solid. With the first three types all problems are solved. »
Atal sure that soon will be solved the problem with the” solid “organs. However, scientists have not yet implanted printed cloth people. But the study authors already know that the first thing a person will begin to transplant cartilage because their livelihoods less dependent on the blood vessels, as opposed to the muscle and bone.
Today, for the creation of bones, muscles and cartilage is widely used fabric engineering – the creation of new tissues and organs by means of delivery to the desired region of the supporting structures of cells, molecular and mechanical signals for recovery
However, with the help of tissue engineering is not possible, for example, to provide a patient. skeletal muscle:. they do not survive when transferred into the body
Anthony Atala assures that the printing of skeletal muscle to bioprinter such problems will not arise
By the way, Atal long been predicting. Nobel Prize for his contribution to the development of medicine – in particular, for the creation of bioengineered bladder and kidney mini
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