a team of scientists from several countries said that with a few unrelated detectors, they were able to . record in laboratory conditions gravitational waves
Another component of the theory of relativity, it seems, received experimental confirmation
Now it is small:. to use a new discovery for the benefit of mankind. For example, to travel to the stars, or in time.
Or, to create a fundamentally new refrigerator or microwave …
As far today is the fundamental science to the practical needs of humanity?
for the answer to this and other questions lead “Fifth floor” Michael Smotryaev and Alexander Kan turned to the professor of physics at University college London Ruben Sahakyan .
Download the podcast program “Fifth floor,” here
Michael Smotryaev:. For an idea of how were discovered gravitational waves, last written quite a lot, including a picture. Any person, not even as a specialist, but after passing a high school course in physics, perhaps, be able to understand how it was recorded. One can only marvel at the accuracy of devices, as orders of magnitude, which are measured by modern interferometers, completely invisible to the human eye, and even intellect understood by few. I like when a very distant human past, teaches physics, interested to start another
Gravitational waves -. Immediately come to mind gravitons, the existence of which is not yet proven. There are thoughts about what’s one more step towards the completion of construction of grandmodeley, universal association of all four of the known fundamental interactions, reconciliation theory of relativity with quantum mechanics – in short, “the mind victory over sarsaparilla,” as O. Henry. Is it too optimistic, I
Ruben Sahakyan:? A little bit optimistic, but it certainly is a watershed event. It is basically a landmark for the next confirmation of general relativity. We are not very advanced in terms of combining the theory of relativity with quantum mechanics, but it is possible, it will help us too. The importance of this discovery can not be overestimated in terms of both science and philosophy with the universal point of view.
We have two pillars, two cornerstones of our understanding of the universe. One of these stones – the general theory of relativity, the second – the quantum theory. Gravitational waves are a central part in the general theory of relativity. So, of course, is a very important thing
MS:.. The general theory of relativity in the number of those of its members who have already verified experimentally, can be considered sufficiently held, not in need of additional evidence in regard to its fundamental principles. While on the other hand, it makes sense to emphasize that the general theory of relativity in the form in which it left us with Einstein in which it was first formulated, in the form in which it resides now – it’s probably not the only one ? the same beast, yes
RS:. is not the same animal. It got very big development in connection with modern computers, when we have learned to count numerical methods, many equations that were impossible to solve analytically. What else I wanted to say about the importance of this discovery? You’re right, there were other indisputable proof of the validity of general relativity, however, gravitational waves – it was, one might say, the last item that was needed. But it goes much further, from my point of view
One of the very important points of this discovery -. This is the first time we got a way to learn is probably the most interesting objects in our universe – black holes. We have by and large it was not a serious tool to look at the most interesting objects that we can tell so much more, including the possibility of time travel in a parallel universe, and so on. This is absolutely crazy objects – black holes, but they are very difficult to study. Gravitational waves provide us with the opportunity
MS:.. Gravitational waves provided continuous growth of accuracy, sensitivity detectors enable us simply because of their physical nature to look much closer to the earlier sources, to the Big Bang, if we accept the Big Bang as a kind of reality than the methods that we use today – the relic radiation, thermal radiation, gamma-ray astronomy. But to measure all this, based on what size needed detectors, instruments which between them should be the distance – the problem is clearly not for a single country, as well as a minimum for all mankind
P. .With:. of course, this is a task for all of humanity. The study of gravitational waves can help us get closer to the very early universe, but CMB – is also very early universe, including the most distant corners of the universe. Simply, it is probably the most dramatic events. These gravitational waves have been registered as a result of the collision of two black holes. They arise as a result of the collapse of superheavy stars. There is a very interesting physics: time stops, lost light, and God knows what else is happening
We hope that over time, gravitational waves will become our standard tools, and we can look inside this crater.. Another method is likely to have. What we have now been able to register, gives us hope that we will have a way to look into this funnel
MS:.. What about the famous saying that black holes do not have hair, and, in principle, to describe the black hole, the static, non-rotating, only three parameters – mass, momentum, rotation and something else, and gravitational waves do not have to do with them. As for the study of black holes, Hawking radiation is still there – a thing, do not know how purely theoretical, but certainly not by means of the current measured
RS: You can always create.. simple flat model of a black hole, but I wonder what it is and whether this incredible energy to bring us into a completely new physics. There is a very popular theory that our universe – is one of many, many, many universes. In these models, black holes can be thereby a tunnel that allows you to travel through it.
It sounds like science fiction, but in fact it is quite possible we will manage these things start not what to answer, for at least, to look back. In this regard, classified registration of gravitational waves for me personally more even important – not another confirmation of the theory of relativity, which is of course very important, but the one tool that gives us to study these objects
Alexander. Kahn: We’re talking about that were the first to register gravitational waves. An registration events that happened a long time ago? We have a kind of benchmark for this
RS:?.. More than a billion years ago – 1.2 – 1.4 billion years ago
AK:. If you are now able to register for the first time, does it mean that now scientists can detect gravitational waves routinely and have their numerous manifestations, study, compare, or is it a one-time extremely complex ? and difficult repeatable experiment
RS:. you can not, unfortunately, respond with a precise definition, but I very much hope, and this hope is based on something that we really are entering an era in which we are able to detect gravitational waves from a wide variety of objects. In the scientific community there are rumors that the guys from the LIGO – Gravitational Observatory -. Sit on other events, too
If you were listening to yesterday’s press conference, the interesting point was that they registered the event in September to as they began their run data removal for science. When you launch a new device, you first start going engineering and month you work in this mode, and then begins the launch of Research. This event took place and was recorded before the beginning of the scientific launch.
It is possible they are sitting and other events that are not as strong, so we need more time for analysis, for confidence. I have great hope that we are entering the era routine logs a variety of gravitational waves from a wide variety of events
MS:.. Of the four species known to us today, the interaction, the gravitational – on the one hand, the weakest, on the other hand, they are long-range, so to speak. Einstein’s theory postulated their spread with the speed of electromagnetic waves, is actually the speed of light. If, for example, by several orders to raise the sensitivity of the receivers, which we now have a lack of this kind of phenomena, probably will not.
Based on the fact that the universe is very large, somewhere in some its corner necessarily at some time – now or billion years ago – massive objects required to run the gravitational waves with one another faced – whether black holes or neutron stars, or other supermassive body. In that regard is completely incomprehensible to us the dark matter and dark energy, the extent to which these two components of basic science – gravitational waves, and behind them math can be used to understand dark matter and dark energy in the first place
RS:. The most direct link is not here, but indirectly there are very strong. Gravitational waves – this is another evidence, as we have said, that our understanding of gravity, the curvature of space and time is correct. The general theory of relativity, and it is the curvature was used in order to better understand, however, in an indirect way still, the distribution of dark matter in the universe.
When the light from a distant star reaches us, the Earth passed a very massive object, such as, for example, a black hole, it is curved. The curvature can be calculated using the equations of general relativity. We have received today is yet another confirmation that these equations can actually be used. Communication, of course, there is
In order to break the nut, to solve this problem -. Dark matter and, especially, the dark energy, we have to dig a lot. Although it all depends on how kind nature is to us. Perhaps dark matter we have also already seen in this or next year. Experiments work quite sensitive, we do not know when it will happen
MS: And then the case for small – for the dark energy, which is expected by some estimates.. , almost three-quarters of the mass of the universe, but from which it is made and how it is to feel your hands, yet it is unclear. You, Alex, for the record, if you are in any search engine type “Einstein Cross” and look at the picture, you will see a very entertaining picture – four fairly bright object located in the form of a cross. You can interpret them as In certain desire.
In fact, it is one object distorts the very Einstein gravitational lens. At the end of the question, the answer to which is demanded today, my colleagues at work, and demanded an accuracy as possible, up to a month, and preferably up to a week. More recently, in historical terms, in 1925, Mr. Einstein decided, in the end, the theory of relativity, brought together space-time discovered that massive objects near the heavy time slows down. Less than a hundred years, as the space-time property, predicted by Einstein, is used in GPS-receiver
Now that we have the gravitational waves, and the science moves with increasing acceleration, -. We are here to “Fifth floor,” often reminded by Stanislaw Lem, who said that on the torch to the gas lamps was held a thousand years, and from the gas lamp to the laser – a hundred, – when we see the practical consequences when our microwave ovens and refrigerators will use gravitational waves and other achievements quantum microworld
RS:?. I have not be able to accurately answer the question of when it will be, but what it will be, I have no doubt. Any fundamental natural-scientific discovery led us to technological breakthroughs. Examples can be any number. You gave a very good example. When Einstein wrote his equation of special relativity of time dilation and so on, practical applications could not see any. Less than a hundred years, it appears
Another example -. This Faraday, which showed his experiments of electromagnetic induction in the middle of the XIX century. When asked why it is needed, he said, nor why it does not need is a fundamental science. Now any of our engine, the electric motor operates on this principle.
There are two things. There are gravitational waves themselves. Who knows, maybe learn through the black hole in another universe move. There is a technology that is developed in order to register them, for example, lasers have been used. This, of course, can be used in a more immediate time
MS:.. We mentioned black holes, a lot of talking about them today. Interestingly, in itself a black hole theory was discovered in 1784, if my memory serves me, the minister of Education for Mitchell family, who opened this piece at the tip of the pen, they say. Black holes, however, we still do not really able to use, but you can, for example, about their film some lift, not to mention the fact that, indeed, maybe one day they will come in handy in a practical sense.
Talk about the fact that the fundamental physics left to live 20-30 years, were popular in the days of Bora at the beginning of the XX century that has just about everything is open, painted by the formulas, and then re-classified in physics superintendent . There is a feeling that now more than science develops, the more obvious is that several generations of physicists unemployment does not shine, but
RS:?. I fully agree, and very I hope so.
No comments:
Post a Comment