Stephen Hawking believes that the mysterious black holes in reality are not that black. According to him, the information that falls into them, do not disappear without a trace.
Renowned British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, despite his advanced age (73 years) and severe disease – amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, confined him to wheelchair continues to actively research, make scientific discoveries and the hypothesis that radiate around the world.
That’s eve, speaking at a scientific meeting at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, he drew attention to the topic of interest for a long time processes that occur at the boundaries of black holes.
One of the major challenges facing modern theoretical physicists, is the so-called information paradox of the black hole.
It comes down to the question what happens to the information about the state of matter falling into a black hole: it is lost completely or not?
According to the general theory of relativity, any information about an object falling into a black hole, lost forever after the matter fell outside the so-called event horizon. An illustration of this is the statement that the two black holes of equal mass without charge and spin are indistinguishable from each other. In other words, it does not matter that fell on it – information about the object will be lost forever.
Therefore, as physicists say, “a black hole has no hair”, that is, all the holes of equal masses are identical.
However, this is contrary to the laws of quantum mechanics, claiming that the information does not disappear. The principles of quantum mechanics state that the information about the matter should hover somewhere in the universe, even if the substance is lost in a black hole.
Hawking, working with colleagues from the universities of Cambridge and Harvard, concluded that the quantum -Mechanical information on the matter does not disappear in the depths of a black hole. The meeting, which brought together 32 well-known theoretical physicist from different countries, Hawking said,
this information is encoded in a two-dimensional hologram at the edge of a black hole – in the event horizon.
According to modern concepts, black holes – is formally hypothetical superdense objects whose gravity can not leave even photons of light formed by the collapse of stars.
«information is collected inside a black hole, as you might think, but is still on its border – the event horizon” – said Hawking. According to scientists, information about falling objects still kept in the form of so-called supertranslyatsy. “The idea is that supertranslyatsii – a hologram of the incident particles. They contain all the information that might otherwise be lost, “- said Hawking.
This information is emitted in the form of quantum fluctuations that give rise to a black hole, albeit “in a chaotic, useless form.” “For all practical purposes, this information is useless,” – he added.
During his speech, Hawking suggested, which may actually disappear matter falls into a black hole – in a parallel universe. “The black hole should be large, and if it is rotated, it can be run in a different universe. But you can not go back to our universe. And though I dream of space flight, I would not try it – joked scientist. – If you feel that you got into a black hole, do not give up, there is a solution! »
In 1975, Hawking developed a theory that black holes can evaporate due to the continuous birth of its borders elementary particles, especially photons . At first, Hawking believed that this radiation does not carry information from the interior of a black hole, but in 2004 made such an opportunity.
The new hypothesis of the scientist says that Hawking radiation may comprise a portion of the information stored at the event horizon and escape from the vicinity of the black hole – albeit in a “useless, chaotic form.”
«The main idea of the lecture is that black holes are not so black as they paint. It is not eternal prison, someone might think. Matter can be pulled out as the outside of the black hole, and in another universe, “- said the astrophysicist.
In order to imagine the complexity of the concepts and terms that actually operate the authors of the work, it is enough to bring the concept of “supertranslyatsy,” said Hawking, who is to One of the articles on the theory of gravity:
«Group supertranslyatsy have infinite Abelian subgroup of infinite-dimensional group of asymptotic symmetries asymptotically flat curved manifolds in normal gravity».
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