Often write that in the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Union suffered only defeats. In July 1941, on the western front Germany continued to win one victory after another, letting the imminent completion of the planned blitzkrieg. “Neither the bomb never falls on the capital of the Reich!” – Said Herman Goering, exercising supreme command of the Luftwaffe
Fly to Berlin
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A special role in this period played aviation of the Baltic fleet. From the first days of the war fleet of bombers carried out attacks on the ports occupied by the enemy – Gdynia, Gdansk and others. In the fight on the side of Nazi Germany, Finland bombs dropped from 23 June with the aim of destroying the enemy’s ports and airfields. Out of enemy ships at sea and to suppress all the forces through the establishment of mines near the bases and strikes on the convoy.
From the commander of the German fleet began to receive reports of Russian superiority in the air.
The first attack on Moscow, the Nazis carried out at the end of July. It was decided to strike back, but still it was not clear how. At that time, there was a plan: to Leningrad airfield site to strike Pillai (now – Baltiysk). Then there is the German navy ships were based. It was noted that from airfields near Leningrad fly was the closest to Berlin. However, the distance was still too great, and fly back to Berlin was not possible. Then the People’s Commissar of the Navy Nikolai Kuznetsov, commander of the Navy and Air Force Simon Lark offered to make the starting point of Saaremaa. On this island, now called Saaremaa, then based airfield Cahul Baltic Fleet. Taking the limit radius of action of aircraft, from it you can fly to Berlin
However, the operation involves considerable risks -. The pilots could not go after her. As a result, the plurality of thought and rechecking the Soviet leadership came to the conclusion that the success of this operation is still possible. July 26 Stalin was proposed plan of operations retaliate in Berlin.
On the map of Saaremaa and Berlin connected the clear straight line.
According to final calculations, the plane could take a 500-kilogram bomb or two bombs of 250 kg
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So, July 27, 1941 1st torpedo aviation regiment 8th Air Brigade of the Baltic fleet Air Force commander in chief was ordered by Stalin: produce bombing in Berlin and its military and industrial facilities. Commander of the regiment was a Colonel-General Yevgeny Preobrazhensky. Lt. Gen. Semyon Zhavoronkov was assigned to the preparation and management of the operation, and the flag-appointed navigator Captain Peter Khokhlova. Responsible for the operation was appointed People’s Commissar of the Navy Nikolai Kuznetsov.
Prepare for surgery
During the preparation of the island were transferred out of fuel and bombs. Due to their lack of reserves to Ezel had to deliver from Tallinn and Kronstadt. This Tallinn at that time was already besieged by German troops.
bomb munitions transfer via the Gulf of Finland is also of great danger.
As a result of the successful delivery of before the operation, it was decided to carry out a few test flights. From the beginning to the end of the training of all the fighting operation was under a veil of secrecy. Simon Lark has read reports about their actions only Fleet Commander Vice Admiral Vladimir Tributs and the commander of the Baltic Fleet Air Force, Major General Aviation Mikhail Samokhin
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at night, August 3 several crews made a test flight with the aim to carry out reconnaissance – they dropped bombs on a nearer subject Swinemunde. At the same time the crew had taken a full supply of fuel and bombs to Berlin.
Expectations that a small airfield in Cahul Ezel able to start big cars, have been confirmed.
After a successful training operations pilots were sent to the reconnaissance flight to Berlin on the night of 6 August. As a result of investigation it was established that the ring is located around the city of antiaircraft defense in a radius of 100 km. At the same time a large number of projectors, capable of acting at a distance of up to 6 thousand. M. Thus, the action finally confirmed the likelihood of a successful outcome of the operation. Was ordered to do the job as soon as possible.
Sudden bombing
The operation began on the night of 8 August. Loaded Cahul crews left the airport on the island of Saaremaa, and went to the destination. “Their only protection from anti-aircraft guns and fighter was the height,” – recalls the operations People’s Commissar of the Navy Nikolai Kuznetsov, which is responsible for its outcome
It should be noted that at that time the Germans did not expect the arrival of the Soviet. aircraft to the capital. Propaganda Goebbels successfully carried out its work: Russian defeated, are in distress, defending in Moscow and Leningrad. Thus, courage and reasonable risks involved in the operation was justified. The Germans were convinced that close to victory, while the Soviet troops there was not a single hope for further defense, not to mention any attacks on the enemy. During the aircraft approach to Berlin duty stations observers to take a plane for his, which off course. And the crews of the Baltic Fleet signals were asked to sit at one of the nearby airports in Berlin
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at that time, a significant number of Nazi troops rushed to Moscow and Leningrad.
«in Berlin, believes that it is close to the cherished goal, but this time the Russian pilots at a height of 7 . thousand meters went to the capital of the Third Reich “, – says Nikolay Kuznetsov.
Upon arrival Berlin was clearly visible: the city was illuminated. Then the British raids from the West were quite rare and weak, and the inhabitants had time to fully prepare for them. Because of the city lights and the illuminated area flag-navigator Peter Khokhlov said course and brought the aircraft to military targets in Berlin and its suburbs. Then the planes reached the necessary points – no anti-aircraft fire was opened on them – and bombed. Thus, all fifteen bombers have successfully completed all the steps and went home
«British aircraft bombed Berlin»
The next day, in the German newspaper wrote:. “The British air force bombed Berlin. There are dead and wounded. . Shoot down six British planes »
From the British response was immediate:” The German report on the bombing of Berlin is interesting and mysterious, so on August 7-8 British aircraft flew over Berlin did not ” .
Only Hitler realized that the air strikes were carried out by Soviet troops. This event is called into question the Nazis’ quick victory on the Soviet-German front.
In the meantime, all Soviet aircraft made a successful landing on his return to Ezel. On the same day, Joseph Stalin signed an order “On the promotion of members of the bombing of Berlin №0265 August 8, 1941»
During this raid on Berlin followed by others:. Last raid took place on 5 September. However, the situation is complicated since then readily repel the German defense. Part of the aircraft EF-2 and TB-7 will be attacked by German fighters and anti-aircraft come under shelling. According to various estimates, all of Berlin is committed 10 attacks, dropped 311 bombs and 32 caused the fire. In raids on Berlin and was also attended by the Army Aviation aircraft.
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