Image copyright AFP A group of scientists from several countries, working as part of an international project LIGO Scientific Collaboration, say that with the help of several observatories detectors they were able to fix in a laboratory gravitational waves.
They are engaged in the analysis of data from two laser interferometric gravitational wave observatories (laser interferometer gravitational-wave Observatory – LIGO), located in the US, as well as with other detectors
Russian service Bi. BBC appealed to the Russian expert to explain what gravitational waves, and why it is important to measure them.
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Sergei Popov, an astrophysicist at the National astronomical Institute of the Sternberg State University
The modern theory of gravity – a geometric theory of gravitation, more or less everything, from the theory of relativity
The geometrical properties of space affect the motion of bodies or objects such as a light beam..
and vice versa – the distribution of energy (this is the same as the mass of the space) affects the geometric properties of the space
it’s pretty cool, because it’s just visualize -. the whole metered in cell elastic plane is under a certain physical sense, though of course not all literally.
Physicists use the word “metric”. Metric – is what describes the geometric properties of the space
And so we move the body to the acceleration.. The most simple – rotate cucumber. It is important that it was, for example, a ball or a flattened disk.
It is easy to imagine that when a cucumber turns on elastic plane, run from it ripples. Imagine that you are standing somewhere, and cucumber is at one end to your turn, then another. He has a different effect on space and time, runs a gravitational wave
So, a gravitational wave -. It ripples running across the space-time metric
. Beads in space
this is a fundamental feature of our basic ideas about how to construct the gravity, and the people a hundred years want to check it.
want to make sure that the effect is and that he can see in the laboratory. In nature, it is seen nearly three decades ago,
As in everyday life should manifest itself gravitational waves
The easiest way to illustrate this:.? If you throw in space beads, so they formed a circle and when a gravitational wave will run perpendicular to their plane, they will be converted into an ellipse compressed in one direction or the other.
the fact that the space around them will be outraged, and they will be this feel.
“G” in the world
About such a thing people do, but not in space and on Earth.
at a distance of four kilometers from each other in the mirror weigh the letter “g” [refers to American Observatory LIGO]
Running around the laser beams -. this interferometer, well-understood thing. Modern technologies allow to measure the fantastically small effect.
I’m still not that I do not believe, I believe, but just in my head does not fit – the displacement of mirrors hanging from a distance of four kilometers from each other is less than the size of an atomic nucleus.
It is not enough even in comparison with the wavelength of the laser. That was the rub: gravity – the weak interaction, and therefore the offset is very small
It took a very long time, people have tried to do it with 1970′s, spent a life in search of gravitational waves
and now, only the technical capabilities allow to register gravitational waves in the laboratory, that is, so she immediately came and mirrors moved.
Destination
during the year, if all goes well, the world will run three detector
three detector -. this is very important, because that’s too bad these things determine the direction of the signal. Approximately the same as we do on hearing bad define the source area. “The sound from somewhere to the right” – these detectors like this feeling
But if you are at a distance from each other three people, and one hears the sound of the right, the other on the left, and the third from behind, then we are able to accurately determine. sound direction.
the more detectors, the more they will be scattered across the globe, the better we can determine the direction of the source, and then begin astronomy.
After all, the ultimate goal is not only confirm the general theory of relativity, but also get a new astronomical knowledge.
Just imagine that there is a black hole weighing ten solar masses. And she faces another black hole weighing ten solar masses. The collision occurs at the speed of light.
Energy Prorva. It’s true. Its fantastic lot. And it does not … It’s just a ripple of space and time
I would say that the detection of the merger of two black holes for a long time will be the most reliable evidence that black holes -. It is about such a black hole, that we think of.
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