16/03/2015
The transition from life to death in ordinary consciousness is often associated with a bright light at the end of a long tunnel. However, as found correspondent BBC Future, documented reports of many other very strange cases, and scientists are going to finally figure it out.
In 2011, Mr. A., 57-year-old social worker from England, entered the hospital Southampton after he fainted at work. Doctors just insert a catheter into his groin, when suddenly his heart stopped. Once stopped the flow of oxygen to the brain, the trace stretched into a thin thread. Mr. A. died. But despite this, he remembers what happened next.
The staff immediately using an automatic external defibrillator (AED), a machine that using electric enables restart the heart. A. heard the mechanical voice said twice: “Give the discharge.” In between these two teams, he looked up and saw a strange woman who beckoned him from the far corner of the room, hovering somewhere near the ceiling. He joined her, leaving her motionless body where it was. “I felt that she knows me. I also felt that I could trust her and that she is here for a reason. But what was the reason I did not know – later recalled A. – The next second I was up there and looked down at himself, at his sister and some bald man ».
Check showed that hospital records are the two verbal commands to use an AED. These later Mr. A. description can be found in a room of people he could not see before losing consciousness, and their actions were entirely accurate. He described the things that took place over three minutes, which, if the trust our knowledge of biology, he could not have any idea.
The History of Mr A., described in a report published in the Journal of the European Resuscitation Council, only one of the cases that contradict conventional wisdom about dying condition of man. Until now, researchers have proceeded from the fact that as soon as the heart stops beating and send the life-giving blood flows in the human brain, he ceases to be aware of yourself and everything around. From that moment the man, in fact, dead. However, the farther we advance in the study of the science of death, the better start to understand that such states are reversible.
Over the years, those who managed to come back from this unfathomable reason places and states, often shared memories about their experiences of the event. Doctors in most cases, dismiss such evidence, calling them hallucinations and researchers until recently, were not eager to dive into the study of such states “almost death”, mainly because they considered them going beyond scientific knowledge.
However, Man Sam (Sam Parnia), a doctor who is engaged in critically ill patients and director of research in the field of critical care medicine at the Medical School of the University of Stony Brook in New York, together with colleagues from 17 medical and research centers in the United States and the United Kingdom decided to put end of divination that experience and what is not experienced by people staying on his deathbed. Scientists believe that they will be able to collect scientific data on potentially last moments of life of the dying. Within four years, they analyzed more than two thousand cases of cardiac arrest, that is, those moments when the heart stops beating and the person officially becomes dead.
From these people doctors managed to return from the dead only 16%. Man and his colleagues were able to talk with 101 of them, that is, about every third. “Our goal was to try to understand, first of all, what is it, death experience with mental and cognitive (cognitive) points of view – says Man. – And more. If we are dealing with people who argue that perceive what is happening at the moment of death at the hearing and visually, we had to look into whether or not they realize what happens to them ».
Seven smacks of death
Mr A. – not only the patient, whose memory is preserved in his own death. Almost 50% of the people who interviewed researchers could remember something. However, unlike Mr. A and another woman whose story about staying out of his own body could not be verified on the basis of external data, the experience of other patients, it seems, was not associated with those events that occur immediately during their death. Instead, they reproduce like some hallucinatory dream scenarios that guy and his co-authors were divided into seven thematic categories. “Most of them do not correspond to what is called a near-death experience, – says Man. – It seems that the mental perception of death is much broader than expected in the past ».
The seven thematic categories of experiences are:
• fear;
• vision and animals plants;
• bright light;
• violence and harassment;
• deja vu or “déjà vu»;
• Vision family ;
• memories of events after cardiac arrest.
These mental experiences vary in nature from a completely terrifying to cause a state of bliss. Some people, for example, recalls that had a feeling of fear, anguish, or persecution. “I had to go through a ritual, and it was a ritual burning – recalled one of the patients. – With me were four people, and everyone who went, was dying … I saw people buried in coffins in an upright position. ” Another recalls how his “dragged in deep water,” and another recalled that he “was told that I would die, and the quickest way to die – say the last short word that I can think».
However, other respondents had opposite feelings. 22% reported that they experienced a state of “peace and pleasantness.” Some saw something alive: “Every plant, but no flowers” or “lions and tigers”: other luxuriated in a blaze of “bright light” or reunited with his family. Others have reported a clear sense of deja vu: “I knew that these people were going to do before they did so-and-so.” Heightened Senses, a distorted perception of the passage of time and a sense of detachment from one’s own body – were also fairly common sensations, which tells the survivors dying.
Although it is “absolutely clear that people have something at the time when they are dead “says Man, how these individuals interpret their experience is completely dependent on their past life and experience, as well as the previously available their beliefs. Someone from India may be returned from the dead to tell what he saw Krishna, whereas native Midwestern United States after a similar experience will tell you that God saw how his American Christians are living those parts. “If the father in the Midwest will tell your child,” When you die, you will meet Jesus, and he will be filled with love and compassion, “- of course, the child will present itself just that – says the guy. – He will come back and say, “Yes, Dad, you were right. I actually saw Jesus! “But does anyone of us can really know Jesus or God the Father? You do not know what it is – God. And I do not know what God is. In addition, he is a man with a long gray beard. But this is only a picture ».
« I have no idea what all these things – the soul, heaven, hell. There are, apparently, thousands and thousands of different interpretations, which depend on where you were born and what your experience – he continues. – It is important to isolate all the evidence of the reality of religious teachings and consider them objectively ».
Typical
Scientists have not been able to identify the signs that would indicate in advance who are likely to be able to remember something about his own death. They also can not yet explain why some people experience a terrifying scenario, while others, on the contrary, fall into euphoria. As pointed out by the guys, it is likely that people who have suffered “almost death,” far more than reflect the figures obtained during the investigation. Many people have memories of this simply erased as a result of cerebral edema after cardiac arrest, as well as a result of taking strong sedatives that are prescribed to them in the hospital.
Even if people can not clearly remember what they experienced during the time of death, this experience may have an impact on them on a subconscious level. Man hypothesizes with which hopes to explain such different reactions of patients experiencing cardiac arrest after recovery: some lose their fear of death and begin to take life more altruistically, in others develop post-traumatic stress disorder.
Man and his colleagues are already planning on the basis of previously acquired data to conduct new research that will look into some of these problems. They also hope that their work will help to expand the traditional discourse of death, which is characterized by extreme and free him from the limitations associated with religious beliefs or skeptical approach.
The death should be considered the same as any other item scientific knowledge. “Anyone who has more or less objective mind, I agree with those that it requires further investigation – says Man. – We have the means and technology. It is time to go and do ».
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